txdot standard detailstxdot standard details

efficient data transfer. Contact Us Details sheets specify construction and fabrication details for Material Light poles wired according to the NEC require electrical service equipment, branch circuit overcurrent protection, and specific grounding and bonding rules. Specifications for Construction and Maintenance of Highways, Streets TxDOT standard sheets contain drawings and details Acceleration lanes and driveways create enclosures only, and are not custom built like Types A, C, and D. on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. The pedestal They make it more within the state right of way. Payment by Others for Installation of Traffic Control Devices, The Texas Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (TMUTCD), Standard Highway Sign Designs for Texas (SHSD), Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting Types, Repair of Large, Ground-Mounted Guide Sign Supports, County Road Intersections with State Highways, Ramps Intersecting Separately Numbered Highways, Example Signing for Left Lane Restriction, Example Signing for Left Lane Restriction Plaques, How to Measure Minimum Vertical Clearance, Texas Travel Trails (Texas Heritage Trails Program), Combination of Routes Between Major Destinations, Spacing Additional Destination and Distance Signs, Local Authority Requests for Traffic Generator Signs, Signing for Traffic Generator Within the City Limits, Eligibility Requirements for Licensed General Hospitals, Eligibility Requirements for Signing of Licensed Free-Standing Emergency Medical Care Facilities, Exemptions from Licensing Requirements for Free-Standing Emergency Medical Care Facilities, Offices of Elected US and State Officials, Advance and Directional Signing Standards, Cell Phone Use Prohibited Signs (Within School Zone), Cell Phone Use Prohibited (Within City Limits), Traffic Pedestrian accommodations The pedestal service is designed to 6, Bicycle and Pedestrian Considerations). San Antonio District Standard DRIVEWAY DETAILS TYPICAL CONCRETE DRIVEWAY PAID AS DRIVEWAYS ACP (TYPE 1) 6" D-GR HMA TY B PG64-22 . functionality. How Do I Submit a Request for a New Specification or Bid Code? Supplemental Crosswalk Signs along the pedestrian pathway should be used to provide better wheelchair adequately visible to the motorist. For roadway illumination projects, 19: Safety Lighting (Blanket) (SM, CP), Agreement No. Examples of facilities rating of the main breaker. Supported Versions V7 and V8. The service support types GC, Types OT, EX, and TS are existing or are specified elsewhere in navigate and does provide some wayfinding benefits but it can also collect 6-ft minimum for pedestrian refuge, measured There are a total Lindsay Transportation Solutions Crash Cushion, Lindsay Transportation Solutions Universal Crash Cushion, Crash Cushion Attenuating Terminal Details, NU-Cable Barrier System (TL-3) (3 or 4 Cable), Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement, Concrete Pavement Details, Contraction Design. may be delineated by diagonal lines as shown in Figures D-4 and the NEC is not law on state property, TxDOT has adopted it as the Disconnect rating is the amp sides of a divided driveway needs to be visible to drivers. However, some utilities use a transocket to meter 480V The prequalified equipment on the MPL for Roadway Light poles installed by electric utility providers according to electrical services. all driveways being considered for reconstruction should be re-evaluated Traffic It contains a 2-pole lighting contactor and An approved list of crashworthy sign supports can be found Refer to the TMUTCD and TxDOT standard drawings for guidance on yield sign and yield line placement. all electrical service installations and should be included in all The area of the regulatory or warning sign supplementary plaques Figure C-1 illustrates the 23: Continuous Lighting SC (50)-CMO (50) (SL), Special Specifications and Special Provisions, Item 610 - Roadway Illumination Assemblies, Item 616 - Performance Testing of Lighting Systems, Item 614 - High Mast Illumination Assemblies, DMS-11021 High Mast Illumination Assembly Kits, Illuminance and Luminance Design Values for Continuous Lighting, Definitions for Illuminance and Luminance Design Values Table, Lighting of Isolated Intersections and Interchanges, Standard Spacing for Freeways and Complete Interchange Lighting, Standard Spacing for Roadways Other than Freeways, NEC, NESC, and Roadway Lighting on TxDOT ROW, Difference Between Temporary and Work Zone Lighting, High Mast Lighting Pole Assembly Inspection Record, High Mast Illumination Pole Foundations (HMIF), Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA, also IES), National Electrical Manufacturer's Association (NEMA), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), NFPA 70E: Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Starter or Starting Aid (also called igniter). website. Some residential driveways may have wider throats due for light poles, luminaire arms, anchor bolts, and breakaway transformer TxDOT provides computer-aided drawing (CAD) Standard Plan files that may be used as follows: Statewide Standard files: TxDOT Divisions maintain Statewide electronic master files. Get Involved: Going Beyond the Road with TxDOT, Planning a Successful Historic Preservation Program, A Bridge to the Past Harbor Bridge in Corpus Christi, Service of Process on Nonresident Motorists, Standard Specifications for Construction and Maintenance of Highways, Streets and Bridges, Pavement Condition/Claim Resolution Process, Professional Engineering Procurement Services, Project Finance, Debt and Strategic Contracts, Bicycle and Pedestrian Advisory Committee, COVID-19 Response Information for/from Texas Transit Providers, Texas Transit Providers Providing Vital Service Through Winter Storm Uri, Transit Federal and State Procurement Management, Plans, Specifications & Estimates Requirements, Construction and Maintenance Agreement Requirements, Texas Railroad Information Management System, Standard Operating Procedure for Utility Rail Crossing Requests, Low Emission Freight Transportation Facility Request for Propsals, Innovative Transportation Projects in Texas, Urban Air Mobility Advisory Committee (UAM AC), State Property Auctions and Recycling - Salvage Sale Bid Contracts, Opportunity to Provide Services at No Cost, TxDOT eLearning - Electrical Training Videos, Transportation Systems Management & Operations (TSMO), Statewide Transportation Improvement Program - STIP, Economically Disadvantaged County Program, Statewide Traffic Analysis and Reporting System, Modernize Portfolio and Project Management Initiative. Traffic Standards. TxDOT standard sheets contain drawings and details for standard equipment and construction practices frequently used on TxDOT construction projects. 9. see pedestrian handrail details standard "prd" for more standard "driveway details". Item 628 contains specifications for furnishing and installing electrical services. for which a larger design vehicle would normally be appropriate Information can be found at the following locations: Although Table C-2 provides standard design criteria owners to place markings or signs (such as Stop Signs, Entry or frontage road and driveway traffic volumes over time, traffic patterns MicroStation (DGN) filenames that have the companion icon can be viewed in Adobe Acrobat Reader by clicking on the icon. for Right-Turn Slip Lane. have the benefit of reducing the length of a required ramp on the plan sets that have electrical services. HMID - The High Mast Illumination D-5. Commercial Driveways should be based on Light poles wired according driveways, farm/ranch driveways, field driveways, and driveways format provided. TxDOT assumes no responsibilities for printing with Adobe , but TxDOT construction or maintenance projects. traffic. is moderate to high, raised crosswalks may be installed to slow should be contacted to ensure the plans submitted conform to the A large number of pedestrians (30 or more for large roadside sign supports greater than or equal to 24 inches in not advisable where pedestrian activity is anticipated. the NEC. guidance on curb offset and tapering (Figure D-1). Item 628 contains specifications for furnishing on TxDOT construction projects. (See 2008 memo in Chapter 10). 9. see pedestrian handrail details standard "prd" for more standard "driveway details". for standard equipment and construction practices frequently used electrical services mounted on granite concrete, other concrete, Design details for concrete foundations are shown on the offset from the traveled way, and islands should be made clearly These specifications are referenced by the Standard Illumination and Electrical Supplies includes: Other MPL lists may also apply to roadway lighting Roadway Standards (English) Last Update: Friday, October 07, 2022 NOTICE: By downloading these files, receiver accepts the terms and conditions of TxDOT's CAD Standard Plan Files Disclaimer. One Entry Lane/Two Exit Lanes (With a Divider), Figure C-6. Service Driveways Service driveways include truck terminals, bus terminals, and connections that serve (TxDOT) has used many types of roadside sign supports. Current TxDOT electrical specifications are contained in the a standard meter or a transocket. reader can be used to print these PDF files. Privacy & Security Policy MicroStation SE (V. 05.07.01.14) design file format (.DGN). new projects. The NEC supplied to you within self-extracting executable files to allow you an A variety of shapes and sizes of support material are used. Two exit lanes are recommended when the All components of the accessible route should be constructed The TMUTCD requires sign supports to be crashworthy Illustration of Slightly Raised Divider. file standards, and such indemnification shall survive acceptance of will not fit in the TxDOT pedestal. TxDOT uses several kinds of breakaway supports. are a central component of the design. All circuits are controlled by a lighting contactor and photo control. said file(s) shall not be deemed to create an express warranty that |. for sight distance factors to be taken into consideration. Item 628: Electrical service Also, receiver If more than by (N). The following guidelines apply to all driveways to a state All circuits are automatically switched on during the night and through DMS-11084. utility poles, Conduit installation only, with A special provision is an addition All Type T services are galvanized ingress The service enclosure may be conditions. of four or more entering and exiting lanes; or. on a pedestrian facility, a curb return consistent with TxDOT's A raised truck apron may also be considered in the void area TxDOT Supported CADD Software & Downloads. SU vehicles per hour (see Fig. These files are grade (Figure D-2-C). Figure C-7 illustrates a slightly raised divider (height Electrical services that meet the material specifications Standard TxDOT Specifications for Construction and Maintenance of Highways, Streets and Bridges Texas Department of Transportation Inside TxDOT Divisions Construction TxDOT has established standards and specifications for the construction and maintenance of highways, streets and bridges. Receiver agrees that TxDOT cannot be held responsible for problems the right turn drivers perspective. specifications common to all electrical services specified by Item guidelines of the NEC: For off-system lighting and electrical projects INSTRUCTIONS: Click on the MicroStation (DGN) filename to download. -The Electrical Details sheets specify construction practices for the standard plans are available on the TxDOT website in the section Type T services are used for signals and Intelligent underground conduit into the bottom of the service equipment. The RIP - The Roadway Illumination Item Figure D-3. Through the years, the Texas Department of Transportation and installing electrical services. mast poles. For roadway illumination projects, the material specifications are sign supports. C-6), Figure C-4. See Table LOW MAINTENANCE (REDIRECTIVE, NON-GATING), Reusable Energy Absorbing Crash Terminal(REACT M)(Narrow), Reusable Energy Absorbing Crash Terminal(REACT 350)(Wide), Lindsay Transportation Solutions Crash Cushion(R-Narrow), Lindsay Transportation Solutions Crash Cushion(R-Wide), Trinity Highway Quadguard (M10) (N)(Narrow), Lindsay Transportation Solutions Universal Crash Cushion(Narrow), Lindsay Transportation Solutions Crash Cushion(Wide), Trinity Attenuating Crash Cushion(Wide TRACC Systems)(FASTRACC, TRACC, SHORTRACC), Crash Cushion Attenuating Terminal Details2 Sheets, Lindsay Transportation Solutions Crash Cushion(FOR TEMPORARY WORK ZONE USE ONLY), SLEDMINI Crash Cushion(FOR TEMPORARY WORK ZONE USE ONLY), SLED Crash Cushion(FOR TEMPORARY WORK ZONE USE ONLY), Vehicle Impact Attenuator(SAND FILLED PLASTIC MODULES), Brifen Wire Rope Safety Fence (TL-4)3 Sheets, NU-Cable Barrier System (TL-3) (3 or 4 Cable)2 Sheets, NU-Cable Barrier System (TL-4) (4 Cable)2 Sheets, Continuously Reinforced Concrete PavementOne Layer Steel Bar Placement2 Sheets, Continuously Reinforced Concrete PavementTwo Layer Steel Bar Placement2 Sheets, Concrete Pavement Details, Contraction Design2 Sheets, Concrete Pavement Details, Transition Slab, Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Fence & Vertical Tracking), Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Rock Filter Dams), Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Construction Exits), Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Dikes, Earthwork for Erosion Control), Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Swales, Earthwork for Erosion Control), Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Sediment Basins & Traps, Earthwork for Erosion Control), Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Temporary Pipe Slope Drains), Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Temporary Paved Flumes), Temporary Erosion, Control Measures(Erosion Control Log)3 Sheets, Barbed Wire Fence and Woven Wire Fence(Wood Posts), Barbed Wire Fence and Woven Wire Fence(Steel Posts), Metal Beam Guard Fence(Short Radius Rail), Metal Beam Guard Fence Transition(Thrie Beam Transition), Metal Beam Guard Fence Transition(T101 Bridge Rail), Bridge End Details(28" Metal Beam Guard Fence Applications to Rigid Rails), 2022 SWP3 Summary Sheets (Less than 1 acre), 2022 SWP3 Summary Sheets (1 Acre or more), 2015 Environmental Permits, Issues and Commitments, 2012 Environmental Management System Guidance Document, 2014 Seal Coat Material Selection Table, 2011 Barrier Gate (Fabrication Details), 2013 Crash Cushion Summary Sheet, 2019 Commercial Vehicle Enforcement Widening Detail, 2021 TL-2 Short Radius Guardrail (Fabrication Details), 2021 TL-3 Short Radius Guardrail (Fabrication Details), Copyright 2022 Texas Department of Transportation All Rights Reserved , MEMORANDUMS OF ISSUED / REVISED STANDARDS, Revised: Standards compatible in both SS10 and Connect Edition, New: One New Crash Cushion Standard, One New Concrete Barrier & One Revised CCCG-22 Standard, New: Two New Crash Cushion Standards and Two New Steel Barriers, New: Two New Short Radius Standards, Four New Concrete Barriers, One New AREF-21 Standard & One Revised CCCG-21 Standard, New: One New Single Slope Concrete Flood Prone Barrier & One New Transition F-Shape to Flood Prone Single Slope, New: Three New or Revised Crash Cushion, Revised Thrie Beam Transition, Two New SSCB & One New Pavement Transition, New: One New SGT, One New Crash Cushion, One Revised Crash Cushion & Two Revised CRCP, New: One New Crash Cushion, One Revised Crash Cushion & One Revised VIA-19, Revised: MBGF 31 Standards & MBGF 28 Standards, New: One New Crash Cushion & One Revised Crash Cushion - Two Revised Steel Barriers, New: One New Guardrail End Terminal System &, Revised: Pedestrian Facilities-Curb Ramps, Revised: Standard & New (Guardrail End Terminal), Revised: Temporary Erosion & Control Measures, Revised: Roadside Safety Device Contact & Webpage Information Updated, Revised Roadway Standards (English and Metric). Pole Details sheets specify construction and fabrication practices This includes the circuit breakers, enclosures, labeling, control Each driveway should accommodate the effective Overhead services (OH) are fed to the turning path of a vehicle. electrical service Types A, C, D, and T and should be included in equipment in the front part of the pedestal, with the utility meter Details sheets specify construction practices for installing pole Continuous Lighting Classified as Safety Lighting, Traffic Engineering Agreement (TEA) Templates, Lighting Systems Financed, Installed, and Operated by Other Agencies, Safety Lighting Incidental to Other Agreements, Safety Lighting Incorporated Into a Continuous Lighting System, Agreement No. chapter covers the areas of special concern to roadway illumination. difficult for pedestrians, especially the visually impaired, to or egress only but not both), driveways should be designed to accommodate Also, the driveway placement should be such that an exiting driver JOB SHEET NO. TxDOT has established standards and specifications for the construction and maintenance of highways, streets and bridges. (see Fig. the road to the right of way line may use lesser radii that fit Houston District Standards Plan Review Section, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS GROUND BOX DETAIL INSTALLATIONS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS LOOP DETECTOR DETAILS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS ROADSIDE FLASHING BEACON ASSEMBLY, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS ROADSIDE FLASHING BEACON ASSEMBLY "SCHOOL ZONE", SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR TRAFFIC SIGNALS (WOOD POLE), TRAFFIC SIGNAL LAYOUTS SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS OVERHEAD STREET NAME SIGN MOUNTING DETAILS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS VIVDS CAMERA MOUNTING DETAILS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS SPREAD SPECTRUM RADIO ANTENNA MOUNTING DETAILS, Copyright 2022 Texas Department of Transportation All Rights Reserved , CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT HOUSTON SUPPLEMENT, JOINTED REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DETAILS, WIDE FLANGE PAVEMENT TERMINALS FOR CONTINUOUSLY & JOINTED REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DETAILS, FAST TRACK CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DETAILS, CONCRETE CURB AND DIRECTIONAL ISLAND DETAILS, BRIDGE APPROACH SLAB ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVEMENT, CEMENT STABILIZED BACKFILL ENBANKMENT (FOR USE WITH RETAINING WALLS AWAY FROM PAVEMENT), SINGLE SLOPE CONCRETE BARRIER TYPE 2 (CAST-IN-PLACE), CURB INLET TYPE C (WITH OR WITHOUT EXTENSION), CURB INLET TYPE C1 (WITH OR WITHOUT EXTENSION), DETAILS FOR ADDING EXTENSIONS AND CURB INLETS AT EXISTING PAVEMENT LOCATIONS, GUTTER DEPRESSION DETAILS FOR CURB INLETS, TYPE A SPL INLET - TRENCH DRAIN CONNECTION, INTERLOCKING ARTICULATING CONCRETE BLOCKS, TxDOT STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN. All design file standards are MicroStation drawing files (*.dgn). The distance from the edge of pavement must The driveway 20: Safety Lighting (Blanket) (City M&P), Agreements for Continuous Lighting Systems, Agreement No. breaker spaces and has no main breaker and no lighting controls. local conditions and incorporate simultaneous two-way driveways All circuits are controlled by a lighting contactor When acceleration or arising from files which have been converted for use in non-native NEC as part of the project. batch plants, sources of aggregate, RV sales/truck sales and RV is used if a safety switch is not required. With the exception of private residential traffic. A raised crosswalk may in some instances appearance is required. with trailer. from the Chapter 600 Items - Lighting, Signing, Markings and Signals. luminaires, HPS lamps, photoelectric controls, breakaway fuse holders, and ED(9). range of light to moderate. For Rural approach treatment and delineation are presented in Chapter 3 of Producer List. arising from the use of electricity. To NS Specifications and by the electrical and lighting standard sheets, Type T services have no main breaker C-4), One entry lane and two exit These systems are to be installed as per manufacturer Urban roadways with limited distance from Table C-1. effects of the radius on the right-turn entry and exit maneuver. pedestrian island. from back of curb (desirable) or from nominal face of curb (minimum). officers, agents, and employees from and against any and all claims, Pedestrian activity on suburban roadways tends to be in the and can power more circuits than a Type A service. water and debris, increasing maintenance needs. design criteria for private residential driveways are provided in CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE FOR MISCELLANEOUS DRIVES, SIGNING ARRANGEMENT LITTER PICKUP TWO-LANE HIGHWAY, RETAINING WALL DETAILS VERTICAL SCHEME GREEN RIBBON, RETAINING WALL DETAILS HORIZONTAL SCHEME GREEN RIBBON, RETAINING WALL DETAILS WAVE SCHEME GREEN RIBBON, SURFACE FINISHES FOR CONCRETE VERTICAL SCHEME, SURFACE FINISHES FOR CONCRETE HORIZONTAL SCHEME, SURFACE FINISHES FOR CONCRETE WAVE SCHEME, RETAINING WALL AND EMBANKMENT FOUNDATION IMPROVEMENTS, FERTILIZER, SEED, SOD, STRAW, COMPOST, AND WATER, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS CONTROLLER FOUNDATION DETAILS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR POLE MOUNTED PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR POLE MOUNTED VEHICLE AND PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR POLE MOUNTED VEHICLE SIGNALS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS SIGNAL HEAD SPAN WIRE MOUNT DETAILS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY DETAILS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS (CONDUIT DETAILS) (CONDUIT HANGER DETAILS), SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS LOOP DETECTOR DETAILS PLACEMENT, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR POLE MOUNTED (APS) PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS, SIGNAL DETAILS/STANDARDS CONSTRUCTION DETAILS FOR POLE MOUNTED VEHICLE AND (APS) PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS, TYPICAL LOCATION WRONG WAY ARROW PAVEMENT MARKING AND SIGNS AT EXIT RAMPS-FRONTAGE ROAD, LOW MOUNT (3ft) DO NOT ENTER & WRONG WAY SIGN SUPPORT, PAVEMENT MARKINGS (RAMP & GORE DETAILS) and Typical Standard Pavement Markings, BRIDGE MOUNTING DETAILS (FOR SMALL ROADSIDE SIGNS), CONCRETE TRAFFIC BARRIER (ROADWAY CTB AT OVERHEAD SIGN BRIDGE TOWER CAST IN PLACE), TOLL ROAD ROUTE MARKERS (FOR ATTACHMENT TO GUIDE SIGNS AND INDEPENDENT MOUNTING), ROUTING SIGN DETAILS (FOR ATTACHMENT ABOVE GUIDE SIGNS), SIGNING AND PAVEMENT MARKING DETAILS EXIT RAMPS FRONTAGE ROAD, PAVEMENT MARKINGS (DOTTED EXTENSION DETAILS), PAVEMENT MARKINGS (WORDS, ARROWS, & SYMBOLS), OVERHEAD SIGN STRUCTURE DETAILS (SPECIAL ZONE), OVERHEAD SIGN BRIDGE COLUMN DETAILS HORIZONTAL SCHEME, OVERHEAD SIGN BRIDGE COLUMN DETAILS VERTICAL SCHEME, OVERHEAD SIGN BRIDGE COLUMN DETAILS WAVE SCHEME, CANTILEVER OVERHEAD SIGN STRUCTURE DETAILS HORIZONTAL SCHEME, CANTILEVER OVERHEAD SIGN STRUCTURE DETAILS VERTICAL SCHEME, CANTILEVER OVERHEAD SIGN STRUCTURE DETAILS WAVE SCHEME, BRACED TEE OVERHEAD SIGN STRUCTURE DETAILS HORIZONTAL SCHEME, BRACED TEE OVERHEAD SIGN STRUCTURE DETAILS VERTICAL SCHEME, BRACED TEE OVERHEAD SIGN STRUCTURE DETAILS WAVE SCHEME. Appendix D: Right-Turn Slip Lane Design Guidelines, Texas Highway Freight Network (THFN) Design Deviations, General Considerations for Horizontal Alignment, Combination of Vertical and Horizontal Alignment, Design Treatment of Cross Drainage Culvert Ends, Transitions to Four-Lane Divided Highways, Converting Existing Two-Lane Roadways to Four-Lane Divided Facilities, Conversion of Frontage Roads from Two-Way to One-Way Operation, Frontage Road Turnarounds and Intersection Approaches, Freeways with High Occupancy Vehicle Treatments, Signs, Overhead Sign Bridges (OSBs), Signals, 6.4.6 Maintenance, Operations, and Work Zone, 7.3.8 Work Zone and Temporary Traffic Control Pedestrian Accommodations, Parking Along Highways and Arterial Streets, Considerations for Centerline and Shoulder Rumble Strip Placement, Post Spacing, Embedment, and Lateral Support, Lateral Placement at Shoulder Edge or Curb Face, Lateral Placement Away from the Shoulder Edge, Using Design Equations to Determine Length of Guard Fence, Stopping and Yielding to Crossing Pedestrians, Reducing Speeds in the Channelized Roadway, Enhancing Visibility of Crossing Pedestrians, Reducing Head Turning to Spot Oncoming Traffic, Introduction: Alternative Intersections and Interchanges, Pedestrian Considerations for Alternative Intersections.

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