Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. /Contents 4 0 R It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? stream Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. >> Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. /Filter /DCTDecode Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. /F2 9 0 R So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. /F4 15 0 R This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). ! You are already subscribed to our newsletter! However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. >> Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. 3 0 obj The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Historical experience 3.2 2. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. Federalism in Nigeria. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. /Type /Page /Width 371 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. Payment Details. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. /Length 3884 Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. What is federalism? In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. You are welcome dear reader. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. >> Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. He rejects the assertion that REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Adobe d C The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. . In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. Hon. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. s" I love this article,very educating and interesting The states were later increased to 30 states. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. 7 Topics . In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. 2. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Your email address will not be published. 4 0 obj Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government.
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