Many plant and animal species have been affected in the region, as have people who fear losing their crops. 27 Jan 2021 Mozambique English Download. The impact of best track discrepancies on global tropical cyclone climatologies using IBTrACS. Aerial view of the area around Beira (Photo:Horizont3000) In both countries, the recent flooding further increases the risk of diseases such as cholera and malaria, among others. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. The extent of the destruction and impact took days and even months to fully understand. As soil is saturated from previous rains extensive flooding is likely to occur in the coming days, particularly in Gaza province that is also facing a cholera outbreak. Also, the devastation of newly constructed infrastructure will have a longer-term impact. Freddy made landfall in Vilankulo district, Inhambane province on 24 February, reaching Mozambique as a moderate tropical storm, with winds of 95 km/h, and further weakened to tropical storm with . This provided critical information to guide the response and control a massive cholera outbreak in four districts. Copyright 2023 WisdomAnswer | All rights reserved. The economic losses from the flooding is estimated at $75 million or R1. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. the North Atlantic basin. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. How do you I stop my TV from turning off at a time dish? He added that the Mozambican relief agency, the National Disaster Management Institute (INGD) is currently assisting 18,187 flood victim in government-run accommodation centres. MAPUTO THE deadly cyclone, the third in as many years, ravaging Mozambique is a horrifying blow to efforts to revive the Southern African countrys economy. These figures are rapidly changing as rains continues and neighborhoods remain flooded. Cyclone Idai made landfall on Mar. At least, six centralized water supply systems and an unknown number of water sources have been damaged leaving thousands of people with no access to safe water. This catastrophe has exacerbated the countrys economic hardship it is experiencing since a hidden debt scandal erupted in 2016, triggering an economic crisis and a government default. Sabonete has three children and says he decided to become trader because he lost his job in 2016. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Large amounts of latent heat are released within the eyewall once the water vapor in the ascending air condenses. Cyclone Yasi wiped out the crops so the price of the banana increased. . It was followed by Cyclone Kenneth on Apr. Focus on the unfolding climate crisis in the center and south of Mozambique should not divert attention and capacity from the complex humanitarian crisis affecting two million people in the north and from resourcing its response through the 2023 Humanitarian response Plan (HRP). 25 which affected the northern province of Cabo Delgado. As the destruction of Idai severely impacted crucial economic sectors, GDP growth projections are expected to be negatively impacted. Tropical Cyclone Eloise hit Mozambique on 23 January 2021, bringing devastating winds and extreme rainfall in Beira and surrounding districts. Of great concern are areas expected to be flooded like Gaza province. What possible benefit do tropical cyclones bring? Freddy made landfall in Vilankulo district, Inhambane province on 24 February, reaching Mozambique as a moderate tropical storm, with winds of 95 km/h, and further weakened to tropical storm with winds of 55km/h in the course of 25 February. SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TROPICAL CYCLONES 4.5: Economic Impacts of Tropical Cyclones Rapporteur: Ryan P. Crompton Risk Frontiers Macquarie University NSW, 2109 Australia Email: ryan.crompton@mq.edu.au Phone: +612 9850 6377 Working group: Silvio Schmidt, Liguang Wu, Roger Pielke Jr., Rade Musulin, Erwann Michel-Kerjan swept through large parts of the region, bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds, including in Madagascar, Mozambique and South Africa Introduction Global natural disaster losses have The storm, which initially hit Madagascar and Mozambique as a cyclone, was downgraded when it lost its strength just before it hit Mzansi, according to the South . According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the rate of unemployment in Mozambique is around 21 percent. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? reaching Mozambique as a moderate tropical storm, with winds of 95 km . a decrease in overall frequency Over 300,000 people have been affected by Eloise that made landfall on 23 January. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. He was speaking at a CENOE meeting in Xai-Xai, capital of the southern province of Gaza, which was drawing up an assessment of the current rainy season. MAPUTO, May 20 2019 (IPS) - Mozambique, which was affected by an unprecedented two tropical cyclones over a matter of weeks, is still reeling from the impact a month after the latest disaster. The overall economic impact of Typhoon Haiyan is estimated at $5.8 billion (3.83 billion). Out at sea, ships take advantage of their known characteristics by navigating through their weaker, western half. "Yesterday we were In addition to the human and material damage, the earth's low-pressure system flooded some 142,000 hectares of land, threatening biodiversity and food security. Only six weeks later on April 25, Cyclone Kenneth, the strongest cyclone to ever hit the African continent, struck northern Mozambique. What are the positive effects of cyclone? While relatively few of And its obviously going to reduce the number of votes for FRELIMO., Cacinda adds that the economic crisis should create opportunities for Mozambican opposition parties to have a stronger showing in the upcoming polls, Because for this years elections we feel that there is some balance.. Tropical Cyclone Eloise was the strongest tropical cyclone to impact the country of Mozambique since Cyclone Kenneth in 2019 and the second in a row of three consecutive tropical cyclones to impact Mozambique in the 202021 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. In fact, the subsequent legal and investment uncertainty constrained economic recovery and financial provision. This is well below the 7 percent GDP growth achieved on average between 2011 and 2015, according to the World Bank. Giving a preliminary assessment of the damage caused by the cyclone, CENOE spokesperson Paulo Tomas said that 780 houses had been destroyed and a further 6,810 suffered damage. Based on the pooled sample of all counties, mean per county losses were estimated to be approximately $10 million during the . It completely devastated Pakistan (then East Pakistan). On 15 March, Cyclone Idai struck the central region of Mozambique before hitting Zimbabwe and Malawi. Tellus A: Dyn. Additional resources are urgent for humanitarian response and an operational plan will be released within the coming days. But resultant devastation caused by the cyclones could impact the countrys elections as concerns are raised over whether the southern African nation can properly hold the ballot scheduled for later this year. Before the cyclone, the price of bananas was around $3-4 a kilo but it jumped to around $10-15 after the cyclone struck. Cyclones Idai and Kenneth made landfall amid an economic downturn that has affected the country since 2015 when the governments programme partners decided to withdraw their support for the state budget, due to the discovery of hidden debts. Up to six provinces are affected by flooding because of the combined impact of tropical storm Freddy and previous floods. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, African cyclone survivors face 'second wave' of loss from disease. Post Tropical Storm Chalane Post Tropical Cyclone Eloise 2% 3% 45% 50% House had been looted House is still ooded severely damaged House completely destroyed/ House partially damaged 7% 26% 67% With friends/family House (rented) House (purchased/built) Stay Another place I don't know Place of origin 9% 11% 13% 66% 7% 63% 55% 43% 2% 43% 6% 30% . Credit: Andre Catuera/IPS. Mozambique: Cyclone Idai exacerbates economic hardship, https://apps.apple.com/us/app/credendo-risk/id1306887895, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.credendo.credendo&hl=es&gl=US. Erosion. As of 01 March 2023, reports indicate a total of 12,744 individuals have taken shelter across 25 Accommodation Centers in Inhambane, Gaza and Sofala with the most urgent needs being emergency shelters, health, protection, food and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH). Outside of hurricane systems, the effect of the Coriolis effect helps define regular wind patterns around the world. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has projected Mozambiques economy to grow by 2,1 percent in 2021. , an increase in frequency of very intense storms and a poleward extension of where the cyclones reach maximum intensity are among the possible consequences of human-induced , o stay indoors o wear comfortable clothes and shoes that are supportive of your ancles o monitor the news o avoid low lying areas o avoid the shores of rivers o avoid dry river beds as flash flooding can occur suddenly due to severe rain upriver o dont cross rivers by wading or driving through the water o dont seek . "Let us recall that for a given place, only one system is needed to experience an impact that could be catastrophic", stressed the seasonal forecast. Impact of Cyclone Eline (February 2000) on the Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource . Over 300,000 people have been affected by Eloise that made landfall on 23 January. Prior to Eloise, heavy rains had already affected at least 3,917 hectares of farmland in Buzi district. Three Years On, Will SADC Finally Come to Mozambique's Rescue? The tropical cyclone rampaging south-eastern Africa has been described as one of the worst disasters ever to strike the southern hemisphere, with up to 2.6m people potentially affected in Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Cyclone Idai made landfall on Mar. La Nia is finishing an extremely unusual three-year cycle heres what it means for the climate, In pictures: the impact of the climate crisis and human activity on our oceans, Weird winter weather and reminders of a warming planet, Horn of Africa drought worse than 2011,and the other climate crisis stories you need to read this week, Cooling the planet: US researchers develop newclimate-friendly method of cooling, Electric refuse trucks could soon be coming to pick up your weekly trash, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. This is well below the 7 percent GDP growth. 14 and 15, in Mozambiques Sofala, Manica and Zambzia provinces. The storm impacted 262,216 people and flooded 142,189 hectares of crops. Despite their devastating effects, tropical cyclones are also beneficial, by potentially bringing rain to dry areas and moving heat from the tropics poleward. Hong Kong is now an international city of great diversity. What are economic impact of tropical cyclone? Accordingly, the risk of non-payment was considered very high already before Cyclone Idai struck. Economist Manuel Victorino recognises that the difficulties in spending money on the elections and on relief efforts. Covering the lands around the port of Beira, Sofala may be the poorest province in one of the poorest countries in the world. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Maxie Juzang Bio, Mozambique has a "real gross domestic product (GDP) growth estimated at 3.3 percent in 2018, down from 3.7 percent in 2017 and 3.8 percent in 2016. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. In Mozambique, FELTP training helped the team of responders quickly adapt to the challenges of the emergency response. Of particular importance was the Beira-Zimbabwe road (National Highway No. A DREF-supported operation worth nearly 140,000 Swiss francs . The damage caused by the two cyclones is enormous. Mesquita said that teams from the National Roads Administration (ANE), and various contractors with whom the ANE has agreements, are already working to ensure the resumption of normal flows of traffic along these roads. You can review and change the way we collect information below. They diminishe the pollutants present both in the air and on the surface, Relos said. Cyclone Idai made landfall on Mar. Humanitarian supplies and capacity in central and southern Mozambique are extremely limited and the humanitarian response in the conflict-affected provinces in the north is itself struggling with resource shortfalls. Tropical cyclone Freddy, which struck the southern Mozambican province of Inhambane on Friday, has affected over 57,000 people, according to the National Emergency Operational Centre (CENOE). . "Mozambique and many of the Africans countries are not prepared to deal with climate change.". Hundreds have taken refuge in a school and were in urgent need of food, medicine and proper shelter, he added. In Maputo: Following the disclosure of the hidden debt, Mozambiques external debt burden proved unsustainable with the external debt to GDP ratio reaching more than 100% in 2018 and projected to increase further. The net effect is a thermal expansion of the atmospheric column, leading to a pressure drop at the surface with an associated strengthened horizontal pressure gradient between the storm and the environment. Beira experienced massive damage on Saturday, flooding, winds of 109k/h, damage to roads and bridges, over-flooding of rivers and damage to Eskom power lines. State economists, meanwhile, peg total damage to hit P90 billion, which is around 0.15% of the countrys gross domestic product. For More information please contact: In Maputo: Widespread damages to public infrastructure and service have also been reported, including 1,012 schools, 55 health units and 3,489 km of roads. Mozambique's high incidence of flooding is explained by two factors. Mozambiques INS, Ministry of Health, and other partners vaccinated close to a million people in four districts where a cholera outbreak emerged after Cyclone Idai. International support is getting into gear to stem significant additional health risks, including the spread of malaria, cholera and other water-borne diseases. Based on Rapplers own tally, typhoon damage in agriculture has reached over P12 billion for this year, surpassing the P8 billion from 2019. OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. Now, the cyclone is forecast to bring more devastating impacts to Mozambique. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The confluence of multiple threats is compounding a severe humanitarian situation in Mozambique where two million people are in need of humanitarian assistance and protection across the northern provinces of Cabo Delgado, Niassa and Nampula. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Myrta Kaulard, the UN's resident coordinator in Mozambique, also said 18,000 people had been internally displaced after Cyclone Eloise made landfall in the early hours of Saturday. In 2019, cyclones Idai and Kenneth pushed Mozambique's public debt to almost 110% of its GDP, as the International Monetary Fund granted the country an $118 million interest-free loan for rebuilding. On 21 February, the Government of Mozambique declared a red alert which enables processes to respond to the emergency to be expedited and simplified. Even well inland, heavy rainfall can lead to landslides in mountainous areas. Stella Connect Careers, However, concerns over violent Islamist-inspired attacks in the region and reservations about the global LNG market and prices, raise doubts about these mega investments returns. "Because [climate change] has come, and it is here to stay.". Helps us make these videos better on Patreon.https://www.patreon.com/RobertSpetaOne time donations via PayPalhttps://www.paypal.com/donate?business=B7KBU59R8. Heavy rains and flooding over recent days have already affected 141,000 people, displaced 17,100 and killed 66 people. It vividly shows the impact of storm surges to modern social and economic activities. Cacinda says that the economic situation could impact the ruling partys reputation in the next general elections. Six EN6), where traffic was interrupted due to a rise in the level of the Mulondo river in Sofala province. The cyclone adds to the already dire humanitarian situation in Mozambique, where 1 million people are internally displaced due to conflict in the northern parts of the country. This will particularly affect the Buzi, Pungue and Save river basins which are already above alert levels. The tropical cyclone made landfall on 14 March near the port city of Beira on the Mozambique coast, subjecting it to a storm surge, hurricane-force winds and torrential rain. Storm Churn. As Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, and other countries in Southern Africa take stock of the ravaging effects of Cyclone Ana, the Global Water Partnership Southern Africa and Africa Coordination (GWPSA-Africa) has called for increased financing and better commitment to climate resilience by national governments and development partners. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Government of Mozambique is making a second request for 840,000 cholera vaccine to expand the cholera campaign. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Government confirms that a multi-disciplinary intervention has been launched to curb the impact of tropical storm Elouise. Hundreds have taken refuge in a school and were in urgent need of food, medicine and proper shelter, he added. Required fields are marked *. Consequently, the need for financial support and emergency aid is great. Saving Lives, Protecting People, GDD Operations Center: Detecting and Monitoring Health Threats Across the Globe 24/7, Creating a National Surveillance System in Mozambique, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP), Science, Monitoring & Evaluation, and Applied Research, Monitoring & Evaluation Tool for Tuberculosis, Global Disease Detection Program History & Accomplishments, Global Disease Detection Operations Center, Improving Public Health Management for Action (IMPACT), Integrated Disease Surveillance & Response, National Public Health Institute Program Report, Hypertension Management Training Curriculum, CDC and the Global Health Security Agenda, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. In the two weeks prior to its arrival, southern and central Mozambique had experienced rainfall and flooding. Copyright 2023 IPS-Inter Press Service. Early detection of the cholera outbreak and previous experience with cholera immunization were critical for INS to start a rapid response and vaccinate close to a million people within three weeks of the cyclone landing. Moreover, discussions between the government and the private creditors are ongoing to restructure Mozambiques Eurobond and these hidden loans. On Tuesday, the United Nations Department of Safety and Security issued an advisory to all its staff and personnel in Zambia to be alert in anticipation of the landfall of the tropical cyclone . Mozambique has a "real gross domestic product (GDP) growth estimated at 3.3 percent in 2018, down from 3.7 percent in 2017 and 3.8 percent in 2016. Engagement by development partners is urgent to support repairs to road infrastructure, schools, health facilities as well as to support the imminent planting season. In Inhambane, all the transmission lines affected by the cyclone have been repaired, except for the line from Funhalouro to Ndidiza, where work is continuing. More recently, criminal charges were made against several highly placed government figures and former Credit Suisse executives, holding them responsible for contracting these loans. FELTP graduates around the world are among the first on the scene to investigate, respond, and provide further support for health emergencies. In fact, hostility towards the ruling FRELIMO government could grow due to the lacking warning mechanism and slow emergency response, in addition to the damaging corruption scandals. But in addition to clamping down on corruption,Cabinda says that it is time for Mozambican politicians to prioritise the impact of climate change on the country. First is the tropical cyclones that form in the south-western Indian Ocean and sweep towards the country's coast. Flooding in parts of Mozambique resulting from Tropical Cyclone Freddy that made landfall in the country on 24 February. Your email address will not be published. the Power of Staying Together Against Covid-19, War, and Stigma, Earth Day 2021 - Passing On a Cleaner World, Another False Start in Africa Sold With Green Revolution Myths, Covid-19 Locks Down Therapy Support for Zimbabwe's Trafficking Survivors, Poor Need Different Lockdown Restrictions to Survive, Scientists Urge, Global Austerity Alert - Looming Budget Cuts in 2021-25 and Alternatives, Covid-19 Teaches Us to Better Manage Global Systemic Risks, Forbes Africa Names Top 10 Richest African Artists, Nigeria Launches National Task Force to Combat Crime, Latest Covid-19 Statistics from African Countries. Many have lost everything, including their proof of identity, as researcher and social activist Jessemusse Cacinda explains to IPS: Many people have lost their documents, and the possibility of being registered to vote is greatly reduced.. On March 14 and 15, Cyclone Idai struck central Mozambique, leaving a trail of destruction and flooding. Get in touch! The disclosure of large-scale fraud and bribery concerning USD 1.4 billion government loans provided by Credit Suisse and VTB prompted the IMF and bilateral donors to freeze their funds. The national case fatality rate (CFR) increased from 0.3 per cent to 0.9 per cent in the last week, with a variability from 0 per cent to 9.5 per cent across affected districts. This was dealt with quickly, sad Mesquita, and circulation of traffic was restored less than 30 hours after the damage to the road was reported. This story includes downloadable print-quality images -- Copyright IPS, to be used exclusively with this story. Currently, Mozambique does not have sufficient funds to go to the polls on Oct. 15, with the national electoral body only having 44 percent of the required 235 million dollars needed to hold the election. During the crisis, liquidity got squeezed, the local currency lost more than 60% of its value against the USD and real GDP growth plunged from 7.4% in 2014 to 3.3% in 2018. Up to six provinces are affected by flooding because of the combined impact of tropical storm Freddy and previous floods. CDC twenty four seven. In Mozambique, IOM continues to monitor and assess the impact of the cyclone. Tacloban's city airport was severely damaged, affecting business and tourism. The cost of living is too high, and the purchasing power of the citizens is dropping a lot. It is also intended to ensure food security, provide social protection and provide early warning systems in the communities affected by the cyclones. And it has become worse due the cyclones Idai and Kenneth, Antnio Sabonete, a trader who sells clothes in Tete, central Mozambique, tells IPS. 7 What are the impacts of tropical cyclone on the environment? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Transportation, electricity and communication infrastructure got severely damaged, while following floods destroyed thousands of hectares of crops. Northern Queensland supplies about 85% of the nation's bananas. 15 to May 30 was set aside for this but in the regions affected by Cyclone Idai the census have not yet begun and in Cabo Delgado voter registration was interrupted. Since its landfall, the Eloise weather system has weakened into an overland depression and moved towards South Africa, bringing, Tropical cyclones are one of the biggest threats to life and property even in the formative stages of their development. The moment Cyclone Eloise hit Beira last Saturday, the whole region was still recovering from the devastating effects of the Cyclone two year earlier. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Constitution and Basic Texts of the Governing Bodies, Deputy Director General for Management and Reform, International Cooperation and Partnerships, Migration, Environment and Climate Change, IOM, UNHCR Welcome Spain's Expedited Resettlement of Syrian Refugees from Trkiye in Earthquake Aftermath, IOM and Amazon Partner to Deliver Shelter and Warmth to Earthquake Survivors, Displacement in Somalia Reaches Record High 3.8 Million: IOM Deputy Director General Calls for Sustainable Solutions, A Decisive Year for Yemen: IOM Appeals for USD 183 Million to Provide Relief to Over 4 Million People in Need. The cyclone swept away houses and devastated more than 200,000 hectares of crops, according to the Mozambique National Institute for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction (INGD). The hurricane is the most powerful type of tropical cyclone, and is identified by low pressure systems, high winds, heavy rainfall and storm surges and swells. Waves are a constant force, which reshape coastal areas. On 14 March, tropical Cyclone Idai made landfall at the port of Beira, Mozambique, before moving across the region. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, WFP Mozambique Country Brief, December 2022, 2018-2019 Mozambique Humanitarian Response Plan (November 2018 - June 2019) - Revised following Cyclone Idai, March 2019, 2018-2019 Mozambique Humanitarian Response Plan (November 2018 - June 2019), WFP Mozambique Country Brief, January 2023. If the solution is reorientation of the expenses within the limit that has been fixed, we probably dont have to go to make an international [appeal], said Maleiane. Despite the sharp rise in debt, the Mozambican economy was expected to rise around 4 percent this year, against 3,3 percent of 2018, according to the International Monetary Fund. On 14 March, tropical Cyclone Idai made landfall at the. In critical regions with extensive building in the coastal regions, the wind wave effects are important. - Terms & Conditions. Tropical cyclones cause widespread damage in specific regions as a result of high winds and flooding. Myrta Kaulard, the UN's resident coordinator in Mozambique, also said 18,000 people had been internally displaced after Cyclone Eloise made landfall in the early hours of Saturday. Beira, the capital city Sofala province, was razed by Cyclone Idai. The main explanatory variable is a new damage measure for local tropical cyclone intensity based on meteorological data weighted for individual sectoral exposure, which is included in a panel analysis for a maximum of 205 countries over the 1970-2015 period. The INGD is providing them with food, water, health care and sanitation. Some areas recovering from the impacts of Cyclone Idai, Tropical Storm Chalane, and Eloise are facing Crisis (IPC Phase 3) acute food insecurity outcomes (FEWS Net 01/2021). Elliot takes you through the current conditions and impacts of tropical cyclone Freddy in this video. But since the cyclones a number of private business have also closed. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Climate change may affect tropical cyclones in a variety of ways: an intensification of rainfall and wind speed, From this high cost of living and the purchasing capacity of people has lowered. The value of NPHIs often becomes clear in emergencies, when coordination between national and international partners is necessary. Cyclone Idai's socioeconomic impact in Mozambique was considered the highest to date, with damages and losses estimated at US $ 3.2 billion (2019 estimate) [ 12 ]. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the rate of unemployment in Mozambique is around 21 percent. 15,930 people were displaced by the floodwaters. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Aerial view of distruction and flooding in Sofala Province, Mozambique, from Cyclone Idai. Cyclones can produce flooding in two ways. Profound debt rescheduling seems essential for Mozambique to re-establish a durable debt trajectory. Winds. When Cyclone Idai unleashed its destructive force in March 2019, it hit one of the most economically disadvantaged communities on the planet. Further losses can occur if business continuity is lost through disrupted supply of intermediate inputs from, or distribution to, other businesses. We operate from Cape Town, Dakar, Abuja, Johannesburg, Nairobi and Washington DC. Since 2015, CDC has supported Mozambiques INS to build upon its strength as an NPHI leader and develop more core public health capabilities. INS professionals arrived within days to establish a similar emergency surveillance system.
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